初中英语重点短语句型（推荐20篇）

在初中英语中会涉及到很多重点句型的学习，掌握这些句型不仅能让你在答题、写作时展现出更高英语水平，也能使你的口语水平有一个提升。下面就为大家介绍几个初中英语重要的句型。

操作方法

（主语）ask/tell sb.  to do sth. 让…做…

在这个句型中需注意的是to do的不定式，在选词填空或这作文中使用该句型时，一定要注意是to do而并非doing等形式。

be the same as 与……相同

在这个句型中主语一般为物，意为什么和什么是一样的。

What’s the matter with sb/sth？ 某人/某物出什么毛病了？

询问某人或者某物出什么问题时可用该句型，该句型也等同于whats wrong with sb/sth？

It takes sb some time to do sth 某人花费多长时间做某事

这是一种很常用的表达，it代替后面的某事而放到句首做形式主语，避免后面的sth放到句首而导致这个句子有一种头重脚轻的感觉。

What do you think of sth？你怎么看某事？

该句型一般用于询问某人对与某件事物或事情的看法，口语中经常用到这句话，是十分实用的一个句型。

动词与介词、副词等构成的固定短语，叫短语动词。主要有四类：

一、动词+副词

有的一般不跟宾语，如goahead,fallbehind,getup,liedown,goup,runout,givein,stayup等；有的可以跟宾语，如putout,carryout,giveup,wakeup,checkin,eatup,fillin,findout,fixup,handin,mixup,lookup,makeout,turndown,workout等。

注意：宾语是名词时，放在副词前面或后面都可以，但若作宾语的是人称代词时，就只能放在动词和副词之间了。如：

We’vedecidedtoputthemeetingoff(=putoffthemeeting).我们决定把会议推迟。

We’vedecidedtoputitoff.我们决定将它推迟。(不说putoffit)

二、动词+介词

如askfor,carefor,callfor,breakinto,dealwith,callon,lookfor等。后面必须接宾语。如：

Idon’tcarefortea.我不喜欢喝茶。

三、动词+副词+介词

如lookforwardto,putupwith,lookedupto,goinfor,goalongwith,datebackto,lookdownon,keepupwith,addupto,runoutof等。如：

Shesooncaughtupwithus.她很快赶上了我们。

四、动词+名词+介词

如takecareof,payattentionto,makeuseof,makecontributionto做出贡献等。如：

TakecareofyourbrotherwhileIamaway.我不在的时候，你要照顾好你弟弟。

1.Therebe结构

a.这是英语中常见的一种结构，表示“某地有某物”其含义为“存在有”。

eg.Therearetwentygirlsinourclass.have也解释为“有”但是与therebe有区别，它的含义是“所有，属有”，其主语为某人。eg.Ihaveanicewatch.

b.Therebe结构中的be动词要和后面所跟名词保持一致。

c.Thereisarivernearourschool.

否：Thereisnotarivernearourschool.

问：Istherearivernearourschool.

回答：Yes,thereis.No,thereisn’t.

划⑴Howmanyriversaretherenearourschool?

⑵What’snearourschool?

d.therebe结构的一般将来时，同学们较难掌握，其正确形式为：thereisgoingtobe

e.反意疑问句的构成：Thereisnowaterintheglass,isthere?

①Thereisgoingto_____afootballmatchthisafternoon.

A.haveB.watchC.beD.play

②Theyweresurethattheyweregoingto____arest.

A.beB.haveC.beonD.on

2.so,neither引导的倒装句,为了避免和前一句话的内容重复，英语中习惯用so,neither引导的倒装句。

a.So+be(助动词，情态动词)+主语。表示某人也是如此。

eg.Mikehasboughtsomeforeignstamps.

SohasBob.=Bobhasboughtsome,too.

b.Neither+be(助动词，情态动词)＋主语，表示某人也不。

eg.MotherhasneverbeentoJapan.

NeitherhasFather.=FatherhasneverbeentoJapan,either.

c.So＋主语＋be(助动词，情态动词)。表示果真如此(赞同),请同学们与a.区别。

eg.A:Mikeisrightintheclassroom.

B:Soheis.=Heisreallyintheclassroom.

3.It’s+时间+since动词过去式。自从...起已有...时间了。

⑴It’stwoweekssincewemetlast.(自从我们上次见面已有两个星期了)

⑵HowlongisitsinceweleftBeijing?(自从我们离开北京已有多久了

4.祈使句+and(那么)...

eg.Gostraightonandyou’llseeaschool.=Ifyougostraighton,you’llseeaschool.

5.祈使句+or...否则...

eg.Workhard,oryouwillfallbehindtheotherstudents.

=Ifyoudon’tworkhard,you’llfallbehindtheother.

6.The+比较级...，the+比较级...越...越...

eg.⑴Themore,thebetter.越多越好。

⑵Theharderyouworkonit,thebetteryou’llbeatit.(你越用功，你就越好。)

7.Howdoyoulikethefilm?=Whatdoyouthinkofthefilm?(你认为这部电影怎样？)

8.What...dowith...?怎样对付...?怎样处理...?

虽然中文为怎样，我们绝不可照字面翻译为how.

eg.A:Whathaveyoudonewiththelibrarybook?

B:I’vejustreturnedittothelibrary.

9.Idon’tknowwhattodo.我不知道该怎么办？

Idon’tknowhowtodo.×10.What...belike?...是什么样的？

eg.⑴What’stheweatherlike?天气如何？

⑵What’syourschoollike?你们学校是什么样的？

11.What...for?为何目的？为什么？

eg.Whatdoyouwantasciencelabfor?=Whydoyouwantasciencelab?

12.oneof+最高级＋复数最...之一

eg.MissZhaoisoneofthemostpopularteachers.

13.findit+形容词+todo

eg.IfinditusefultolearnEnglishwell.(我发觉学好英语是很有用的)

find+宾语+名词eg.Ifindhimagoodboy.(我发现他是个好男孩.)

find+宾语+形容词eg.Ifindthedooropen/closed.(我发现门开/关着)

Ifindourbagsfilledwith/fullofpresents.(我发现我们的包装满了礼物)

14.Idon’tthink+肯定句我想...不

eg.Idon’tthinkI’lltakeit.(我想我不买它了)

请注意:中文意思否定在从句中,但是英语的表达否定在主句中。

15.preferAtoB=likeAbetterthanB更喜欢A不怎么喜欢B.

eg.Ipreferfishtochicken.=Ilikefishbetterthanchicken

1．Ithink…意为"我认为……"，是对某人或某事的看法或态度的一种句型。其否定式常用Idontthink…，

2．givesth.tosb./givesb.sth.意为"把……给……"，动词give之后可接双宾语，可用这两种句型；若指物的宾语是人称代词时，则只能用giveit/themtosb.

3．takesb./sth.to…意为"把……(送)带到……"，后常接地点，也可接人。

4．One…,theother…/Oneis…andoneis…意为"一个是……；另一个是……"，必须是两者中。

5．Letsb.dosth.意为"让某人做某事"，人后应用不带to的动词不定式，其否定式为Dontletsb，dosth.，或Letsb.notdosth.另外，Lets与Letus的含义不完全相同，前者包括听者在内，后者不包括听者在内，

6．helpsb.(to)dosth./helpsb.withsth.意为"帮助某人做某事"，前者用不定式作宾补，后者用介词短语作宾补，二者可以互换.

7．Whatabout…？/Howabout…？意为"……怎么样？"是用来询问或征求对方的观点、意见、看法等。about为介词，其后须接名词、代词或V-ing等形式。

8．Itstimetodo…/Itstimeforsth.意为"该做……的时间了"，其中to后须接原形动词，for后可接名词或V-ing形式。

9．liketodosth./likedoingsth.意为"喜欢做某事"，前一种句型侧重具体的一次性的动作；后一种句型侧重习惯性的动作，

10．asksb.(not)todosth.意为"让某人(不要)做某事"，其中asksb.后应接动词不定式，

11．showsb.sth./showsth.todo.意为"把某物给某人看"，该句型的用法同前面第2点。

12．introducesb.tosb.意为"把某人介绍给另一人"；introducetosb.则是"向某人作介绍"。

1.Its+形容词+of+sb.+动词不定式

这一句型表示"某人（做某事）……"。常用形容词有：good,kind,nice,polite,clever,foolish,lazy,careful,careless,right,wrong等，来说明"人"的性质或特征。

Itsverykindofyoutohelpme.你能帮助我真是太好了。

Itsfoolishofyoutomakesuchmistake.你真傻啊，竟然犯这种错误。

2.Its+形容词+for+sb.+动词不定式

这一句型表示"做某事对某人来说……"。常用形容词有：difficult,easy,hard,dangerous,safe,useful,pleasant,interesting,impossible等，来说明动词不定式的性质、特征。

Itisimpossibleforachildtoanswerthequestion.小孩子不可能回答出这个问题。

Itsdangerousforyoutoswimalone.你自己一个人去游泳很危险。

3.主语+be动词+形容词+动词不定式

这一句型常用表示感情或情绪的形容词，如：glad,pleased,sorry,sad,thankful等以及表示能力和意志的形容词，如:ready,able,sure,certain等。

Imverysorrytohearthenews.听到这个消息我很难过。

Imgladtoseeyou.见到你我很高兴。

ComradeLeiFengisalwaysreadytohelpothers.雷锋同志总是乐于帮助别人。

Tomissure/certaintocome.汤姆一定会来。

部分否定句

句型7［All,every等总括词…not+谓语动词…］

1.Allisnotgoldthatglitters.2.Allisnotlostthatisinperil.

3.Andyetalldidnotgosmoothlybetweenthem,fortheyoungerman…hadhisheartsetonNewYork.

4.Idontlikebothofthenovels.5.Everyonecannotmakemusic.

6.Everybody,itistrue,wouldntlikeit.7.Suchathingisnotfoundeverywhere.

8.Thegoodandthebeautifuldonotalwaysgotogether.

9.Amanoflearningisnotalwaysamanofwisdom.10.Idontwhollyagree.

[注]Somepeoplelikethatsortofthing;Somedont.

全体否定句

句型8［no,none等否定词…+肯定式谓语+其他］

1.Everybodytalksabouttheweather,butnobodydoesanythingaboutit.

2.Notrickerycanfoolus.3.Noneofmyfriendssmoke.

4.Icouldrememberneitherthenameoftheauthornorthetitleofthebook.

5.Nothingintheworldisdifficultforonewhosetshismindtoit.

6.Thebookwasnowheretobefound.7.Neitherofthesistersishere.

8.Neverhavewebeendauntedbydifficulties.

句型9［主语+否定式谓语+不定代词或不定副词］

1.Idonotknowanyofthem.2.Ididnotreceiveanylettersyesterday.

3.Idontlikeeitherofthenovels.4.Justicemustnotbedeniedtoanyone.

5.Didyougoanywhereyesterday?-No,Ididntgoanywhereyesterday.

6.AnyhowIshallnotgotoday.

[注]不可说"anybodycannotdoit."只能说"nobodycandoit."

句型10［All等概括词+肯定式谓语+含否定意义的单词…］

1.Allgermsareinvisibletothenakedeye.2.Allhisplanscametonothing.

3.Bothvisitorsareunwelcome.4.Everyplanmadebyhimisimpossibleofexecution.

5.WealldisbelieveintheexistenceofGod.6.Theirquarrelsarealwaysinterminable.

双重被动句

句型［主语+被动式谓语+被动不定式+其他］

1.Thedateisexpectedtobeannouncedsoon.

2.Thegatewasorderedtobeclosedatnineoclock.

3.Thebooksarenotallowedtobetakenoutoftheroom.

4.Thesearmsaresupposedtohavebeenusedbypartisansduringtheanti-Japanesewar.

5.Thetaskisreportedtohavebeencompletedyesterday.

6.Theinstrumentsaresupposedtobeusedonlybyskilledworkers.

[注]H.W.Fowler说过，双重被动式，从文体学观点来看是应该尽量避免，因为从表面看来容易为类似的假象所混淆。如：(错)Thehousewasbeguntobebuilt.不是房子开始而是房子的建造开始。下列动词不适宜于本句型：attempt,decide,promise,seek,begin,hope,intend,propose,purpose,threaten等。

不可说：Theworkwasattemptedtobedonequickly.应当说：Anattemptwasmadetodotheworkquickly.

不可说：Hehasbeendecidedtobehelped.应当说：Ithasbeendecidedtohelphim.Ithasbeendecidedthatheshouldbehelped.

[附注]主动语态与被动语态互相转换时应注意的几点事项。

1）基本转换公式：省略。

2）转换时一般不得变更动词的时态。另下列各时式不能用于被动句中。

1.将来进行时2.现在完成进行时3.将来完成进行时4.过去完成进行时

3）被动句中by后接us,you,them,one时，by短语可以省略。

4）祈使句中使用被动式谓语很少见，以下各句可说是例外：Pleasebeseated.Betrustedratherthanfeared.

一般情况使用let帮助构成祈使句的被动语态。

Doonethingatatime.→Letonethingbedoneatatime.Givehimsomethingtoeat.→Letsomethingtoeatbegiven(to)him./→Lethimbegivensomethingtoeat.

5）在下列情况下，主动句不能转换成被动句。1.由于宾语的性质不用被动句：

A.当宾语是缺乏实义的代词it时，不能变，如：walkit,goit,fightitout

B.当宾语为反身代词时，不能变，如:(错)Himselfwasabsentedbyhim.

C.宾语前若有主语的物主代词时，不能变，如:(错)Hisfingeriscutbyhim.

D.当宾语是eachother或oneanother时不能变，如:(错)Eachotherishelpedbyus.

E.当宾语是不定式时，很少转用于被动句。不宜说：Togoiswantedbyme或Itiswantedbymetogo.

2.由于某些动词的性质不用被动句,这类动词有：become,befit,fail,last,resemble,suit,suffice,wish,disappear,lackwant,like,hate,possess,own,contain,have,happento,belongto,breakout,takeplace,setsail,shakehandswith,takepartin等。

3.当某些动宾关系十分紧密不可分割时不能变被动句。这种组合中的宾语大多表示工具、方式或结果，如：Sheleanedherelbowsonthetable.Hekeptsilence.Hetook(made)aflight.Theboydidnotloseheart.Nydiabowedhergratitude.

4.容易发生歧义的句子最好不用被动句，如：Thetalldoctorshookhishead.

6)有些被动句不能变成主动句，如：Hewaskilledinwar.Itissaidthatheisill.

turninto=changeinto把……变成

Whenitcomesto…当提到……，当谈到……

knockout出局

makeawish许愿

thefinishingline终点线

upanddown上下地，到处，前前后后，来来往往

comeover走过去

stayhealthy保持健康

nomorethan仅仅，只是

havealottodowith与………有很大关系

behometo是……所在地，栖息地

therestof其余的

agreewith同意

cometrue实现

learnfrom听说

mentalillness精神病

littlebylittle逐渐地

overtime随着时间的流逝

volunteergroup志愿者小组

fromthenon从那时开始

sbsfacelitup.（使）变得容光焕发或振奋

dependon依赖，依靠

NorthPole北极

putup=setup，buildup建立，设立，搭起

belongto属于

thinkhighlyof高度赞扬

sacrificialoffering祭品

intheformof以……的形式

firstaid急救

checkforapulse号脉

heartattack心脏病

fallintoplace依序排列，依序出现

makeoneswaythrough穿过，走过

takeaction采取行动

junkfood垃圾食品

letdown使……失望

slowdown慢下来，停下脚步

lotteryticket彩票

booktheflight订机票

rushthrough快速通过，赶紧做

advanceddegree高学历

comeupwith提出、想出（看法、观点）

getcrazyabout对……着迷、发狂

makefunof取笑

environmentallyfriendly环保的

signlanguage手语

spreadout张开

questionmark问号

doharmto对……有害

heartdisease心脏病

eatinghabit饮食习惯

musicalinstrument乐器

generationgap代沟

rushhour（上下班）高峰时刻

nervoussystem神经系统

intelligencetest智商测试

arguewith争吵，争辩

lackof缺乏

leadto导致

awasteoftime浪费时间

mobilephone手机

slipaway消失

Chancesare=Itispossiblethat…有可能

makeadifference有影响，有作用

putanendto结束，终止

digitalcamera数码相机

succeedindoingsth.成功做某事

settledown定居，平静下来，专心于

cryover为……痛哭

aimto目的是……

inawe敬畏地

remindsb.ofsth.提醒某人某事

giveaway泄露（秘密等）；赠送

一、themost+形容词+名词+(that)+主词+haveever+seen(known/heard/had/read,etc)

HelenisthemostbeautifulgirlthatIhaveeverseen。

海伦是我所看过最美丽的女孩。

二、Nothingis+erthanto+V

Nothingis+more+形容词+thanto+V

例句：Nothingismoreimportantthantoreceiveeducation。

没有比接受教育更重要的事。

三、cannotemphasizetheimportanceof~~~toomuch

(再怎么强调.。。的重要性也不为过。)

例句：Wecannotemphasizetheimportanceofprotectingoureyestoomuch。

我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。

四、Thereisnodenyingthat+S+V.。。(不可否认的……)

例句：Thereisnodenyingthatthequalitiesofourlivinghavegonefrombadtoworse。

不可否认的，我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。

五、Itisuniversallyacknowledgedthat+句子~~(全世界都知道……)

例句：Itisuniversallyacknowledgedthattreesareindispensabletous。

全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。

六、Thereisnodoubtthat+句子~~(毫无疑问的……)

例句：Thereisnodoubtthatoureducationalsystemleavessomethingtobedesired。

毫无疑问的我们的教育制度令人不满意。

七、Anadvantageofisthat+句子(……的优点是……)

例句：Anadvantageofusingthesolarenergyisthatitwontcreate

(produce)anypollution。

使用太阳能的优点是它不会制造任何污染。

八、Thereasonwhy+句子isthat+句子(……的原因是……)

例句：Thereasonwhywehavetogrowtreesisthattheycanprovide

uswithfreshair。

我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。

九、So+形容词+be+主词+that+句子(如此……以致于……)

例句：Sopreciousistimethatwecantaffordtowasteit。

时间是如此珍贵，它经不起我们浪费。

十、Adj+as+Subject(主词)+be,S+V(虽然……)

例句：Richasourcountryis,thequalitiesofourlivingarebyno

meanssatisfactory。

{bynomeans=innoway=onnoaccount一点也不}

虽然我们的国家富有，我们的生活品质绝对令人不满意。

十一、The+~er+S+V,~~~the+~er+S+V

The+more+Adj+S+V,~~~the+more+Adj+S+V

(愈……愈……)

例句：Theharderyouwork,themoreprogressyoumake。

你愈努力，你愈进步。

十二、By+Ving,can(借着……，……能够……)

例句：Bytakingexercise,wecanalwaysstayhealthy。

借着做运动，我们能够始终保持健康。

十三、enable+Object(受词)+to+V(……使……能够……)

例句：Listeningtomusicenablesustofeelrelaxed。

听音乐使我们能够感觉轻松。

十四、Onnoaccountcanwe+V~~~(我们绝对不能……)

例句：Onnoaccountcanweignorethevalueofknowledge。

我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。

十五、Itistime+S+过去式(该是……的时候了)

例句：Itistimetheauthoritiesconcernedtookproperstepstosolve

thetrafficproblems。

该是有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。

十六、Thosewho~~~(……的人……)

例句：Thosewhobreakthelawshouldbepunished。

违法的人应该受处罚。

十七、Thereisnoonebut~~~(没有人不……)

例句：Thereisnoonebutlongstogotocollege。

没有人不渴望上大学。

十八、be+forced/compelled/obliged+to+V(不得不……)

例句：Sincetheexaminationisaroundthecorner,Iamcompelledto

giveupdoingsports。

由于考试迫在眉睫，我不得不放弃做运动。

十九、Itisconceivablethat+句子(可想而知的)

Itisobviousthat+句子(明显的)

Itisapparentthat+句子(显然的)

例句：Itisconceivablethatknowledgeplaysanimportantroleinour

life。

可想而知，知识在我们的一生中扮演一个重要的角色。

二十、Thatisthereasonwhy~~~(那就是……的原因)

例句：Summerishot.ThatisthereasonwhyIdontlikeit。

夏天很炎热。那就是我不喜欢它的原因。

二十一、Forthepast+时间，S+现在完成式。(过去……年来，……一直……)

例句：Forthepasttwoyears,Ihavebeenbusypreparingforthe

examination。

过去两年来，我一直忙着准备考试。

二十二、Since+S+过去式，S+现在完成式

例句：Sincehewenttoseniorhighschool,hehasworkedveryhard。

自从他上高中，他一直很用功。

二十三、Itpaysto+V(……是值得的。)

例句：Itpaystohelpothers。

帮助别人是值得的。

二十四、bebasedon(以……为基础)

例句：Theprogressofthesocietyisbasedonharmony。

社会的进步是以和谐为基础的。

二十五、Sparenoeffortto+V(不遗余力的)

Weshouldsparenoefforttobeautifyourenvironment。

我们应该不遗余力的美化我们的环境。

二十六、bringhometo+人+事(让……明白……事)

例句：Weshouldbringhometopeoplethevalueofworkinghard。

我们应该让人们明白努力的价值。

二十七、becloselyrelatedto(与……息息相关)

例句：Takingexerciseiscloselyrelatedtohealth。

做运动与健康息息相关。

二十八、Getintothehabitof+Ving=makeitaruleto+V(养成……的习惯)

例句：Weshouldgetintothehabitofpreviewingandreviewing。

我们应该养成预习和复习的习惯。

二十九、Dueto/Owingto/Thanksto+N/Ving,(因为……)

例句：Thankstohisencouragement,Ifinallyrealizedmydream。

因为他的鼓励，我终于实现我的梦想。

三十、Whata+Adj+N+S+V!=How+Adj+a+N+V!(多么……!)

例句：Whatanimportantthingitistokeepourpromise!

Howimportantathingistokeepourpromise!

遵守诺言是多么重要的事!

三十一、Haveagreatinfluenceon~~(对……有很大的影响)

例句：Smokinghasagreatinfluenceonourhealth。

抽烟对我们的健康有很大的影响。

三十二、dogoodto(对.。。有益)，doharmto(对……有害)

例句：Readingdoesgoodtoourmind。读书对心灵有益。

Overworkdoesharmtohealth。工作过度对健康有害。

三十三、Poseagreatthreatto(对……造成一大威胁)

例句：Pollutionposesagreatthreattoourexistence。

污染对我们的生存造成一大威胁。

三十四、doonesutmostto+V=doonesbest(尽全力去……)

例句：Weshoulddoourutmosttoachieveourgoalinlife。

我们应尽全力去达成我们的人生目标。

三十五、Amongvariouskindsof…，…=Ofallthe…，…在各种…之中?…

例句：Amongvariouskindsofsports,Ilikejogginginparticular。

在各种运动中我尤其喜欢慢跑。

三十六、Inmyopinion，…=Tomymind，…=AsfarasIamconcerned，…=Iamoftheopinionthat子句就我的看法…;我认为…

例句：Inmyopinion,playingcopmutergamesnotonlytakesmuchtimebutalsoisharmfultohealth。

就我的看法玩电脑游戏既花费时间也有害健康。

三十七、OfallthepeopleIknow，perhapsnondeservesmyrespectmorethan…在我认识的人当中也许没有一个人比…更值得我尊敬。

例句：OfallthepeopleIknow，perhapsnondeservesmyrespectmorethanMissWang,myEnglishteacher。

在我认识的人当中也许没有一个人比我的英文老师王老师更值得我尊敬。

三十八、据说…Itissaid(that)子句

一般认为…Itisthought(that)子句

大家都知道…Itisknown(that)子句

据报导…Itisreported(that)子句

一般预料…Itisexpected(that)子句

据估计…Itisestimated(that)子句

一般相信…Itisbelieved(that)子句

例句：ItsknownthatHangzhouisabeautifulcity。

众所周知杭州是座美丽的城市。

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等比句

句型［主语（主体）+谓语+as+形容词/副词+as+被比对象］

1.HeisastallasI(am).2.Thiswindowisjustaswideasthatone.

3.Thisisjustasgoodanexampleastheother.4.DoesJohnworkashardasHenry?

5.Wehaveaccomplishedasmuchinthepastthreeyearsaswouldhavetakentenyearsinthepast.

[注]如果形容词后有一个单数可数名词,不定冠词应置于名词之前形容词后,如：HeisaspooraspeakerasI.

句型［主语+谓语+nomore形容词//副词（或no+形容词/副词比较级）+than+被比对象］

1.Sheisnolessdiligentthanhereldersister.2.Oneminutetoolateisnomoreintimethanhalfanhour.

3.ThefoodontheshipwasnobetterthanonanyothershiponwhichBillyhadsailed.

4.Wetoohaveaheadandtwohandsandarenostupiderthanothers.

5.Chinaswomen,nolessthanmen,areparticipatinginallkindsofworkinthesocialistconstructionoftheircountry.

[注]如果两个主语相比，谓语动词应与前一个保持一致关系。如：Henolessthanyouis(不是are)diligent.

[附注]表示等比的还有以下一些方式：

1)"…beequalto+被比对象"如：Adingledayisequaltotwentyyears.Instrength,heisequaltome.

2)"…beworth+被比对象"如：Aninchoftimeisworthaninchofgold.Abirdinthehandisworthtwointhebush

3)用其他词语表达：Threeearlymorningswillmakeaday.OnlyheinourclasscancopewithyouinknowledgeofEnglish.

差比句

句型［主语+谓语+形容词比较级/副词比较级+(名词)+than+被比对象］

1.Toomuchhelpissometimesworsethannohelp.

2.Factsspeaklouderthaneloquence.(Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.)

3.Ourroomisalittlelargerthantheirsandithasmorefurnitureinit.

4.Lightdoesnottravelatthesamespeedthroughallmaterials;itgoesslowerthroughsomethanthroughothers.

[注]这种形容词组合还可以作定语，置于名词之后。如：Itfeedsonwormsandotherfishsmallerthanitself.

句型［主语+谓语+more/less+形容词原级/副词+than+被比对象］

1.Thisbookismoreinterestingthanthatone.

2.Heismoreattentiveinclassnowthanhewaslastterm.

3.Itslesscoldthanitwasyesterday.

4.Heworksmoreregularlythanyoudo.

5.Theneweditionislessexpensivethantheoldone.

[注1]使用比较级要注意两点：

1)不要使用双重比较级，如：(误)Hisyoungerbrotherwasmorestrongerthanhe.

(正)Hisyoungerbrotherwasmuchstrongerthanhe.Hisyoungerbrotherwasstrongerthanhe.

2)不要使用无比较对象的孤立的比较级。如：(误)Wesawmanysmallerhousesonbothsidesoftheriver.

(正)Wesawmanysmallhousesonbothsidesoftheriver.

(正)Wesawmanyhousessmallerthanusualonbothsidesoftheriver.

[注2]比较级前可加一些增强语气的词，如：much,even,still,alittle(bit),slightly,far,any,no,alot等。

Myroomisalittle(bit)smallerthanhers.Eighteenismuchlessthaneighty.

[注3]如果表示"因…而更…"可用句型the+比较级+for(或because,as等词)，

如：Ilikehimallthebetterforhisfaults.Idonotlikehimthelessbecausehehasfaults.

Heisnonethehappierforhiswealth.Agoodtaleisnonetheworseforbeingtwicetold.

句型［主语+谓语+notso/notas+形容词原级/副词+as+被比对象］

1.Tomisnotsotallashisbrother.(Tomislesstallthanhisbrother.)

2.Mr.Greenisnotsooldashelooks.3.Itisntascoldasitwasyesterday.

4.JohndoesntworksohardasHenry.

5.Dawneyansweredslowly:"Neversohappyaswhenmyhandsarefull.

句型［主语+谓语+以or结尾的形容词比较级+to+被比对象］

1.Hisstrengthissuperiorto(=greaterthan)mine.2.Myknowledgeisinferiorto(=lessthan)his.

3.Isyourfatherseniortomine?Myfatherisjuniortoyours.

4.HisarrivalinNewYorkisposteriortothatofmyfriend.

5.Coloredpeoplearebynomeansinferiortowhitepeople.

句型［被比对象(第一分句暗示某种程度)+主体(第二分句含比较级)］

1.Icaughtthelastbusfromtown;butHarrycamehomeevenlater.(HecamehomelaterthanI.)

2.TheLongMarchisgreat,buttheNewLongMarchwillbegreater,andmorearduous.

3.Dearasarefatherandmother,themotherlandisstilldearer.

4.Oneofmysuitcasesissmall,andtheotheroneismedium.

句型［主语+谓语+absolutesuperiorityover+被比对象］

［主语+谓语+above/nextto+被比对象］［主语+cantcomparewith+被比对象］

1.Thesocialistsystemhasdemonstratedabsolutesuperiorityoverthecapitalistone.

2.Thepriceofwisdomisaboverubies.3.Welovetruthaboveeverythingelse.

4.Aslongasmenlive,waterwillcontinuetobewhatitistoday-nextinimportancetooxygen.

5.NexttotheYangtze,theYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinourcountry.

6.Itisworthnexttonothing.7.HowcouldNapoleoncomparewithLenin?

8.Thesituationoftheenemycannotcomparewithours.

[附注]关于等差句有以下几点需要注意：

1)句型16"nottospeakof"等词组也可用以表示差比,如:Evenaworm,whentroddenon,willturn,nottospeakofamanoutraged.

2)former,latter,elder等形容词,词尾虽然是比较级形式,但它们永远不用于比较句中,也不能跟than,如：Hewillcomehereinthelatterpartofyear.

3)等差既可以指出相差的数目,(用by+数词表示)也可以指出相差的范围,如:of+名词,withregardto,inpointof,withrespectto,withreferenceto,withrelationto,inthesphereof,inthefieldof等等。例句:Sheisthemorepatientofthetwo.Inpointofcommerce,ShanghaiismoreprosperousthanNanjing.Withreferencetoterritory,ChinaislargerthanAmerica.

4)有些语句的词序变动较大阅读和翻译时要弄清其结构。如：Easiersaidthandone.(=Itiseasiertobesaidthantobedone.)Inscience,morethaninanyotherhumaninstitution,itisnecessarytosearchoutthepastinordertounderstandthepresentandtocontrolthefuture.(=Itismorenecessaryinsciencethaninanyotherhumaninstitutiontosearchout…)

有时一个词的原级和比较级在一同结构的句中会产生不同的意义，如：Ifhewastenyearsold,hewouldunderstandit.≠Ifhewastenyearsolder,hewouldunderstandit.

5)要注意避免不合理的比较。如：（误）Thefaceofhisfatherlooksolderthanhisuncle.

（正）Thefaceofhisfatherlooksolderthanthatofhisuncle.Hisfathersfacelooksolderthanhisuncles.

极比句

句型［…the形容词最高级/副词最高级+(名词)+范围词…］

1.ThisistheeasiestbookIveeverread.2.Mrs.Thomsonworkshardestofall.

3.Dictionariesarelikewatches;theworstisbetterthannone,andthebestcannotbeexpectedtogoquitetrue.4.ItisourgreatesthappinesstodedicateouryouthtotheNewLongMarch.

5.Theleastmeansshallbeusedtoachievethegreatestend.6.Whichoftheboysstudiesbest?

句型［…themost/least形容词原级/副词+(名词)+范围词…］

1.Sheisthemostactivegirlinourclass.2.Youretheonewhowritesthemostcorrectly.

3."Howisyourwatch?"-"Mywatchgoesthemostaccurately."

4.Themostshort-sightedmancouldseethatataglance,withhisnakedeyes,"saidMartin.

5.Lightwavestravelmostquicklythroughair,theygomuchslowerthroughwaterandevenslowerthroughglass.

[注1]"bestofall"表示肯定的最;"leastofall"表示否定的最，如：Ilikeswimmingbestofall.

Ilikethatleastofall.Theleast用作最高级时，往往被其后面的形容词的反义词的最高级所取代。如:Thisisthemostdifficult(不用theleasteasy)bookIveeverread.Thisisthemostuninteresting(很少用theleastinteresting)bookofthethree.

[注2]两个概念的表示法：1)若干个最大中的一个可用"oneof+最高级"表示,如:"Whatabouthorse-racing?"-"IshouldsaythatthatisoneofthemostpopularsportsinGreatBritain."

2)"第2,3,4…大"可用"the序数词+最高级"表示,如：Myhometownisthesecondlargestcityinourprovince.

[注3]most前，如果没有the,则不是表示比较，而表示"很","非常",如:Thepresentworldsituationismostfavorableforthepeople.Themeetingproceededinamostfriendlyatmosphere.

句型［…否定词…+比较级…］

1.Ineversawaprettiersight.2.Nootherbookhashadagreaterinfluenceonmylife.

3.Iwillsaythis,thatthebestshotinexistencecouldnothavedoneitmorebeautifully

4."Howaboutagameofbridge?"-"Icantthinkofabetteridea."

5.Whenyoucometothinkofit,thereisnothingintheworldmorepotent-andmoreimpotent-thanwords

[注]从反面表达最高比较级的方式很多，甚至可以不用比较级的词语，如：

Nothingancientormodernseemstocomenearit.(comenear与…相比)

Inpointofstrength,heissecondtonone.(secondtonone独一无二)

Nooneistobecomparedwithhimforresourcefulness.Hehasnoequalinplayingping-pongball.

句型［…否定词语…+so+形容词/副词+as+被比对象］

1.NocountrysufferedsomuchasEngland.2.NowarissogreatastheEuropeanwar.

3.ThereisnothingIlikesomuchasplayingfootball.4.Nothingissoeasyasthis.

5.Noneissoblindasthosethatwontsee.

[注]极比句中表示范围的词语，除了用差比句附注第三列出的词以外，还有以下几种。

1)用that引出的从句表示范围:Thatisthemostimportantdiscovery(that)evermadebyman.

2)用in引出的短语表示范围:Thisisthebusieststreetinthecity.

3)用of引出的短语表示范围:OfallthewritersofthetimeLuShunenjoyedthegreatestpopularityamongthepeople.

4)用其他介词短语表示:Mr.Zhuisthestrictestamongtheteachersofourschool.Itisthefinestthingunderthesun.

5)用条件句表示范围:"IfthereisonethingIdonotlike,itisacryingchild…"

"Ifthereisascoundreluponearth,thatscoundrelsnameisHEEP."

比例句

句型［(从句)The+形容词比较级/副词比较级…,(主句)the+形容词比较级/副词比较级…］(第1个the是关系副词，有"byhowmuch"之意，第2个the是指示副词，有"bysomuch"之意。)

1.Theharderyouwork,thegreaterprogressyouwillmake.

2.Thesoonerwebeginourwork,thesoonerweshallfinishit.

3.Themoreamanknows,themorehediscovershisignorance.

4."Howlongishegoingtostaythere?"-"Idontknowexactly,but…thelongerhestaysthebetter."

5.ThemoreIthinkofit,thehappierIam.

[注1]当比较级作表语而又不处于句首时,可以不用the相关联。如：Whenweencountermoredifficulties,weshouldbemorespirited;whenwearemoreatdanger,weshouldbemorecourageous.

[注2]注意本句型可省略的成分较多,常见于谚语、俗语中如：Thesooner,thebetter.

=thesooneryoudoitthebetteritwillbe.=Byhowmuchsooneryoudoit,bysomuchbetteritwillbe.

=Inwhateverdegreesooneryoudoit,inthatdegreebetteritwillbe.Themore,themerrier.Themore,thebetter.

[注3]还有一些带比较级的词组，也含有比例发展的意味；但这些词组多用于表示同一事物的发展程度，一般不带被比对象。1)"…ever+比较级+(and+比较级)…"如：Thestorygetsevermoreexciting.

Ourcountryisgrowingeverricherandstronger.

2)"…+比较级+and+比较级…"如：…hispoorcheekhasturnedeverthinnerandpaler.

3)"…the+比较级…"这大多是一种习惯用语。如：Somuchtheworse.achangefortheworseallthemore=moreandmore

择比句

句型［Better+(主语)形容词或副词/名词/(to)动词原形…+than+被比对象］

1.Betterlatethannever.2.Bettertodowellthantosaywell.

3.Bettertolightonecandlethantocursethedarkness.

4.Bettersaynothingthannothingtothepurpose.

5.Betterdiestandingthanlivekneeling.(=itisbettertodiestandingthantolivekneeling.)

[注]注意本句型可省略被比对象,如：Betterbewiththedead.Betterletthefurnacecoolabit.

句型［主语+had(would)rather+动词原形…+than+动词原形…］

［主语+谓语+ratherthan+动词原形…］

1.Iwould(或had)ratherjoinyouinresearchworkthangoonholidaytotheseaside.

2.Theywouldratherdieasfreementhanliveasslaves.

3."Iwouldratherdiewithmyheadhigh,withindestructiblefaithandprofoundbeliefinthedestinyofourcountry,thanliveinhumilityandrenouncetheprincipleswhicharesacredtome."

4.Oliverfellonhisknees,claspinghishandstogether,andbeggedthemtokillhimiftheypleasedratherthansendhimawaywiththatdreadfulman.5.Heinsistedonstayingratherthango

句型［主语+prefer+名词或动名词A+to+名词或动名词B…］

［主语+prefer+不定式A+ratherthan+不定式B…］

1.IpreferredtheseruinstoKatespointedyellowboots.2.Heprefersdoingtotalking.

3.Therevolutionariespreferreddeathtodishonor.4.Iprefertoworkratherthan(to)sitidle.

5.Hepreferstowritehislettersratherthandictateothers.

[注1]注意本句型的两式不可混用。不可说"Ipreferdoingthisratherthanthat."只能说"Ipreferdoingthisto(doing)that.或Iprefertodothisratherthandothat.

[注2]prefer的派生词preferable,preference也都可用以表示择比。有以下方式：

1)"名词A+be+preferableto+名词B"如：Thisispreferabletothat.

2)"…名词A+in+preferenceto+名词B"如：Afterthenounreason,usethatinpreferencetobecause.

3)"…preferencefor+名词A+to+名词B"如：IhaveapreferenceforChinesetoforeignnovels.

句型［主语+wouldsooner+动词原形…than+动词原形…］

［Soonerthan+动词原形…(主句)主语+would+动词原形…］

1.Iwouldsoonerdiethandosuchathing.

2.Mr.Miltonwouldsoonerresignthantakepartinsuchdishonestbusinessdeals.

3.Soonerthandosuchwork,Iwouldstarve.

4.Soonerthanmarrythatman,Evawouldearnherlivingasawaitress.

句型［主语+would(had)…assoon/aslief+…as+被弃对象］

1.Ihadassoonyoubrokehisneckashisfinger.

2.Iwould(just)assoonstayathomeasgoforawalk.

3.Hewouldassoonkillhimselfasbetrayhiscountry.

4.Iwouldaslief(assoon)dieasliveindishonor.

5.Iwould(had)asliefjointheEighthRouteArmyasanything.

句型［主语+…choose+名词A+before+名词B］［主语+before+从句］

1.Aheroshouldchoosedeathbeforedishonor.2.Hechosethisbeforeallothers.

3.IamwillingtoworkmyselftodeathbeforeIgiveup.4.Iwoulddoanythingbeforethat.

5.Wewouldsoonerdiefightingfirstbeforeweallowthistohappentous.

[注]其他如first,leave…for或两个独立分句等也可表示择比，如：Hesaidhewouldresignfirst.

Heleftthebarforthepen.Ilikegeography,butIpreferhistory.

对比句

句型［（第一并列分句）+while/whereas+（第二并列分句）］

1.Theenemyrotswitheverypassingday,whileforusthingsaregettingbetterdaily.

2.Thestrengthofthecollectiveisboundless,whilethatoftheindividualisverylimited.

3.Wisemenlovetruth,whereasfoolsshunit.

4.Youcanalsoseethatthereisagrandpiano,whereasoursisanupright.

句型［（第一并列分句）+butonthecontrary+（第二并列分句）］

1.Ihavenotnearlydone.Onthecontrary,Ihaveonlyjustbegun.

2.Idonotadmirethatman,butonthecontrary,Ihaveagreatcontemptforhim.

3.Youthinkmeidle,butonthecontrary,Iamverybusy.

4.Wearebecomingstrongerandstrongeraswefightand,onthecontrary,ourenemyisgettingmoreexhaustedasthewardragson.

[注1]与本句型相似的词组还有：1)"Contraryto+名词"如：Contrarytowhatwehadexpected,hedidntcome.

2)"Incontrastto+名词"如：Incontrastto(或with)capitalism,thereisnothinginthesocialisteconomicsystemtocausewar.3)"Inoppositionto+名词"如：Inoppositiontomywishes,youdidntstudyhard.

[注2]与本句型意义相反的是"如同…一样",参考下面句式：

"Justas+从句","Justlike+从句":JustasKarlMarxdid,heregardedaforeignlanguageasaweaponinthestruggleoflife.=JustlikeKarlMarx,heregardedaforeignlanguageasaweaponinthestruggleoflife.

句型［If+从句,(then)+主句］

1.Ifagovernmentusesfascisticmethodstosuppressothers,itisonlyonestepremovedfromusingthesamemethodsagainstitsownpeople.

2.Ifthedesertcanbecalledthesea,thenthecamelsaretheshipsinit.

3.Ifinthecapitalistworldtheworkingpeopletoilonlyinordernottodieofhunger,theninourcountrycreativelaborisconsideredasathinggloriousandheroic.

4.Ifthisshouldbetrue,(then)thatwillbewrong.

[注]表示对比意义的方式是比较多的，这里主要指出两种。1)利用句子成分相同或相似的平行结构来表示，如：

Wethat(that是古旧用法)aresunderedinsorrowmaymeetagaininjoy.

Booksarethebestofthingsifwellused;ifabused,amongtheworst.

2)"As…so…"也可以表示对比意义，如：Asthebeeslovesweetness,sodothefliesloverottenness.

表伴随时，既可用分词的独立结构，也可用with的复合结构。

with+名词(代词)+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语

举例:Hestoodthere,hishandraised.

=Hestoodthere,withhishandraise.

典型例题

Themurderwasbroughtin,withhishands___behindhisback。

A.beingtied B.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied

答案D.with+名词（代词）+分词+介词短语结构。当分词表示伴随状况时，其主语常常用with来引导。由于本句中名词"手"与分词"绑"是被动关系，因此用过去分词，选D.

注意:

1)独立主格结构使用介词的问题：

当介词是in时，其前后的两个名词均不加任何成分（如物主代词或冠词），也不用复数。但with的复合结构不受此限制

Arobberburstintotheroom,knifeinhand.

(hand前不能加his)。

2)当表人体部位的词做逻辑主语时，及物动词用现在分词，不及物动词用过去分词。

Helaythere,histeethset,hishandclenched,hiseyeslookingstraightup.

典型例题：

Weather___,wellgooutforawalk.

Apermitted Bpermitting Cpermits Dforpermitting

答案B.本题中没有连词，它不是复合句，也不是并列句。句中使用了逗号，且we小写，可知其不是两个简单句。能够这样使用的只有独立主格或with的复合结构。据此判断，本句中使用的是独立结构，其结构为：名词+分词。由于permit在这里翻译为天气允许，表主动，应用现在分词，故选B。

如果不会判断独立结构作状语的形式，不妨将句子改为条件句，例如本句改为Ifweatherpermits,wellgooutforawalk.然后将if去掉，再将谓语动词改为非谓语动词即可。

英语中有一种主动句可以转换成两种被动句型，它们通常是一些表示客观说明的句子，如：

Peoplebelievedthatsheishonest.大家相信她是诚实的。www.51jjcn.cn/yfdq/3123.html

→It’sbelievedthatsheishonest.大家相信她是诚实的。

→Sheisbelievedtobehonest.大家相信她是诚实的。

比较上面两类被动句型可以发现，一类是“it+be+过去分词+that从句”，另一类则是“主语+be+过去分词+不定式”(其中的“主语”为前一类句型中that从句中的主语)，通常可用于这两类被动句型的动词有assume,believe,expect,fear,feel,know,presume,report,say,suppose,think,understand等，比较(同时注意其中时态和动词形式的变化)：

It’sexpectedthathewillcomesoon.=Heisexpectedtocomesoon.预计他很快就会来。

It’sexpectedthathehascome.=Heisexpectedtohavecome.估计他会已经来了。

It’sknownthatisagoodsinger.=Heisknowntobeagoodsinger.大家知道他是位优秀的歌手。

It’sknownthatwasagoodsinger.=Heisknowntohavebeenagoodsinger.大家知道他曾是位优秀的歌手。

1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。

2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等是主谓关系。

3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。

举例：

Thetestfinished,webeganourholiday.

=Whenthetestwasfinished,webeganourholiday.

考试结束了，我们开始放假。

Thepresidentassassinated,thewholecountrywasindeepsorrow.

=Afterthepresidentwasassassinated,thewholecountrywasindeepsorrow.

总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。

Weatherpermitting,wearegoingtovisityoutomorrow.

如果天气允许，我们明天去看你。

Thisdone,wewenthome.

工作完成后，我们才回家。

Themeetinggoneover,everyonetiredtogohomeearlier.

会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。

Hecameintotheroom,hisearsredwithcold.

他回到了房子里，耳朵冻坏了。

Hecameoutofthelibrary,alargebookunderhisarm.

他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆。

It引导的被动句

句型［It+被动式谓语+名词/形容词+实际主语（不定式、动名词）+其他］

1.Itwasconsideredashametocheatinexamination.2.Itwasfounddifficultforustounderstandhim.

3.Itwouldbeconsideredunwiseyourgoingtherewithoutaguide.

4.Itwasdeemedsheerwasteoftimearguingaboutit.5.Itwasprovedwrongtosaythingslikethat.

句型［It+被动式谓语+实际主语（that/疑问关联词）+从句］

1.Itisrequestedthatyoukindlytakeimmediateactioninthematter.

2.Itwasarrangedthatalltheboysshouldgobybikeandallthegirlsonfoot.

3.Ithasnotbeenfoundoutwhosettherecord.

4.Ithasntbeenmadeclearwhenthenewroadisopentotraffic.

5.Hasitbeendecidedwherewearetoholdtheconference?

保留宾语的被动句

句型［主语+被动式谓语+保留宾语+（by+施动者）］

这类保留宾语的被动句中常用动词有：allow,afford,bring,deny,ensure,give,hand,lend,offer,owe,pass,pay,return,tell,show,teach等。

1.TheRosembergsweredeniedafairandopentrial.2.Mr.Smithwasgivenaprize.

3.Thepositionwasoffered(to)Mr.Black.4.Hewasshownthedifference.

5.WearebroughtfreedomandhappinessbytheParty.

句型［主语+被动式谓语+介词+保留宾语+（by+施动者）］

带介词保留宾语的被动句中常用动词有：clear…of,cure…of,strip…of,add…to,devote…to,dedicated…to,base…on,compare…with,free…from等。

1.Wearewhollydedicatedtotheeducationalcause.2.Thenewswastoldtoeveryone.

3.Alltheroadswereclearedofsnow.4.Educationmustbecombinedwithproductionlabor.

5.Thematterwasthenreportedtohimbytelephone.6.Theorderwaspassedtohimbyhisson.

4.带主语补足语的被动句

句型［主语+被动式谓语+介词+主语补足语+不定式/现在分词+（其他）］

适用本句型常见的谓语动词：接不定式的：advise,allow,ask,compel,command,help,wish,warn,等。

接现在分词的：feel,hear,listento,notice,see,lookat,watch,find,imagine,leave（听任）等。

1.Iwaswarnednottobelate.2.Becauseofhiscomplainthewasnotpermittedtoplaycricket.

3.Iamsupposedtoknowsomethingaboutscience.4.Theyneedntbekeptwaiting.

5.Childrenshouldbetaughttospeakthetruth.6.Theenginehadbetterbestartedrunning.

句型［主语+被动式谓语+介词+主语补足语+名词/形容词/介词词组+（其他）］

适用本句型常见的谓语动词：接名词的：name,call,choose,elect,appoint,make,find,leave（保留）等。

接形容词的：bake,beat,boil,burn,cut,keep,make,paint,wash,wipe等。

1.ThislittleboywascalledJohn.2.Hewasappointedheadoftheteam.

3.NewtonwasmadePresidentoftheRoyalSociety.4.Hewasbeatblackandblue

5.Ilosemykey.Thetrunkhadtobebrokenopen.6.Thepatientwaspronouncedoutofdanger.

1.SheusedtobeaChineseteacher.她过去是一位汉语老师。

[用法]usedto+动词原形，表示过去经常性的动作或存在的状态，含有现在不再如此之意。

[搭配]usedtodo的否定式可以是usednttodo或didntusetodo.

[比较]usedtodosth.过去常做某事；be/getusedtodoingsth.习惯于做某事；beusedtodosth.被用来做某事。

2.…returnitsoonerorlater.

……迟早要将它归还。

[用法]l)soonerorlater意为"迟早"、"早晚"。

2)return此处用作及物动词，意为"归还"，相当于giveback.

[拓展]return还可用作不及物动词，意为"返回"，相当于goback或comeback。

3.Nomatterwhattheweatherislike…无论天气……

[用法]nomatterwhat相当于whatever，其意为"无论什么"，引导状语从句。

[拓展]类似nomatterwhat的表达方式还有：

nomatterwhen无论什么时候

nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nomatterwhere无论什么地方

nomatterwho无论谁

nomatterhow无论怎么样

4.AyoungmanpractisedspeakingEnglishwithMr.Green.

一位年经人与格林先生练习讲英语。

[用法]practisedoingsth.表示"实践、练习（做）某事"。

[拓展]practice名词，"实践"、"实施"、"练习"；putaplanintopractice实行某计划。

5.Heencouragedeveryonetotakepartinprotectingourlakes,rivers,seasandoceans.

他鼓励大家参加保护我们的湖泊、河流和海洋的活动。

[用法]1)encourage用作动词，意思是"鼓励"、"支持"。

2)takepartin"参加"，常表示参加活动。

3)protect是动词，表示"防御"、"保护"。

[搭配]1)encouragesb.insth.在某事上鼓励或支持某人

nbsp;encouragesb.todosth.鼓励某人干某事

2)protectsh.fromsth.使某人不受某事侵袭或伤害

6.…towarnpeopleaboutsharksinthewater.……警告人们当心水里的鲨鱼。

[用法]warn用作动词，意思是"警告"、"警戒"。

[搭配]1)warnsb.+that从句

2)warnsb.ofsth.警告某人某事

3)warnsb.todosth.告诫某人做某事

4)warnsb.against(doing)sth.告诫某人当心某事/不要做某事

英语中的五种基本句型结构

一、句型1：Subject(主语)＋Verb(谓语)

这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，所谓不及物动词，就是这种动词后不可以直接接宾语。常见的动词如：work,sing,swim,fish,jump,arrive,come,die,disappear,cry,happen等。如：

1)LiMingworksveryhard.李明学习很努力。

2)Theaccidenthappenedyesterdayafternoon.事故是昨天下午发生的。

3）Springiscoming.

4)Wehavelivedinthecityfortenyears.

二、句型2：Subject(主语)＋Link.V(系动词)＋Predicate(表语)

这种句型主要用来表示主语的特点、身份等。其系动词一般可分为下列两类：

(1)表示状态。这样的词有：be,look,seem,smell,taste,sound,keep等。如：

1)Thiskindoffoodtastesdelicious.这种食物吃起来很可口。

2)Helookedworriedjustnow.刚才他看上去有些焦急。

(2)表示变化。这类系动词有：become,turn,get,grow,go等。如：

1)Springcomes.Itisgettingwarmerandwarmer.春天到了，天气变得越来越暖和。

2)Thetreehasgrownmuchtallerthanbefore.这棵树比以前长得高多了。

三、句型3：Subject(主语)＋Verb(谓语)＋Object(宾语)

这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词,所谓及物动词，就是这种动词后可以直接接宾语，其宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当。例：

1)Hetookhisbagandleft.（名词）他拿着书包离开了。

2)LiLeialwayshelpsmewhenIhavedifficulties.(代词)当我遇到困难时，李雷总能给我帮助。

3)SheplanstotravelinthecomingMayDay.（不定式）她打算在即将到来的“五一”外出旅游。

4)Idon’tknowwhatIshoulddonext.(从句)我不知道下一步该干什么。

注意：英语中的许多动词既是及物动词，又是不及物动词。

四、句型4：Subject(主语)＋Verb(谓语)＋Indirectobject(间接宾语)＋Directobject(直接宾语)

这种句型中，直接宾语为主要宾语，表示动作是对谁做的或为谁做的，在句中不可或缺，常常由表示“物”的名词来充当；间接宾语也被称之为第二宾语，去掉之后，对整个句子的影响不大，多由指“人”的名词或代词承担。引导这类双宾语的常见动词有：buy,pass,lend,give,tell,teach,show,bring,send等。如：

1)Herfatherboughtheradictionaryasabirthdaypresent.她爸爸给她买了一本词典作为生日礼物。

2）TheoldmanalwaystellsthechildrenstoriesabouttheheroesintheLongMarch.

老人经常给孩子们讲述长征途中那些英雄的故事。上述句子还可以表达为：

1）Herfatherboughtadictionaryforherasabirthdaypresent.

2）TheoldmanalwaystellsstoriesabouttheheroestothechildrenintheLongMarch.

五、句型5：Subject(主语)＋Verb(动词)＋Object(宾语)＋Complement(补语)

这种句型中的“宾语＋补语”统称为“复合宾语”。宾语补足语的主要作用或者是补充、说明宾语的特点、身份等；或者表示让宾语去完成的动作等。担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。如：

1）Youshouldkeeptheroomcleanandtidy.你应该让屋子保持干净整洁。（形容词）

2)Wemadehimourmonitor.(名词)我们选他当班长。

3)Hisfathertoldhimnottoplayinthestreet.(不定式)他父亲告诉他不要在街上玩。

4）Myfatherlikestowatchtheboysplayingbasketball.(现在分词)

5)YesterdayIhadapicturetakenwithtwoAmericans.(过去分词)

●常见的动词有:tell,ask,advise,help,want,wouldlike,order,force,allow等。

●注意：动词have,make,let,see,hear,notice,feel,watch等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时，不带to。如：

1)Thebossmadehimdotheworkallday.老板让他整天做那项工作。

2)Iheardhersinginthenextroomallthetimelastnight.昨天晚上我听见她在隔壁唱了一个晚上。

1.两相关联

句型［…two…:one…,(and)theother…］/［…two…:one…,(and)another…］

1.Therearetwobooksonthetable:oneisChineseandtheother,English.

2.Everytimeyoubreathe,youbreathetwodifferentbreaths.Youtakeinoneandgiveoutanother.

3.Therearethreeballs.Oneisblackandtheothersarewhite.

句型［…one(thing)…,(and/but)…another…］

1.Itisonethingtoflourishandanothertofight.2.Tosayisonething,buttodoisanother.

3.Itisonethingtolearn,andanothertoteach.4.Toknowisonething,topractiseisanother

句型［On(the)onehand,…andontheother(hand)…］

1.Ontheonehand,Iamyourteacher,andontheother,Iamalsoyourcomradeandfriend.

2.Theyhavebeenblamedononehandandlaudedontheother.

3.Ontheonehand,youshouldntbeshy,ontheotherhand,youmustntforgetyourmanners.

4.Ontheonehand,theremustbegreatenthusiasminwork,andontheother,labormustbealternatedwithrest.

句型［…two(both)…,theone…(and)theother或theformer…(and)thelatter或thefirst…(and)thesecond或that(those)…(and)this(these)…］

1.Ihavetwobrothers,PaulandRichard;theone(theformer)isfifteenandtheother(thelatter)iseleven.

2.Accuracyandexpressivenessarethetworequisitesintranslation;theone(thefirst)istoexpresstheexactthoughtoftheoriginalarticleandtheother(thesecond)istomakethetranslationreadilyunderstood.

3.Todieortoyield?Iprefertheformeralternativetothelatter.

4.InhislecturehedweltespeciallyuponAhQandKongI-ji,pointingoutthatthesecondaswellasthefirstwasatype.

5.Workandplayarebothnecessarytohealth,this(thelatter)givesusrest,andthat(theformer)givesusenergy.

6.Theykeephorsesandcattle,thoseforriding,andtheseforfood.

[注]如果连举三件事物或人，然后加以说明时，可用152句型的扩充式："…three,one(theone)…another(theother/thesecond)…athird(thethird)…"。如：

1.Therearethreepeople.Oneisaworker,anotherisapeasant,andathirdisasoldier.

2.Onceuponatimetherelivedthreepeople:theonewasdeaf,theother(second)wasblind,andthethirdwaslame.

句型［Some…(and)some/others…］

1.Somesayyes,andsomesayno.2.Someliketoplayfootball,othersarefondofbasketball.

3.Everyoneofushasanengine,i.e.thebrain,somepeoplecanuseit,andsomepeoplecannot.

4.Afterwefinishschool,someofuswillentertheuniversitiestostudy,someofuswillworkinthefactories;someofuswillgotothecountryside,andsomeofuswillbesoldiersinthearmy.

5.Someareplayinggamesunderabigtree.Somearedancinginaring.Othersarerowingonthelake,andstillothersaresingingontheplayground.

[注]类似本句型的还有：

1)"…partof+名词…,therest(of+名词)如：Thegraduatesofourschoolnumbertwohundredandthirty,partofwhomarestudyingonwhiletherest(remainder)aregoingtothecountrysideorenteringfactories.

2)"…part…part…"如：Athome,IoftenspeakasentencepartinChinesepartinEnglish.

3)"…half…half…"如：Thisalloyishalfcopperhalfsilver.

先后顺序

句型［…first,…,second,…,third,…,lastly,…］［…One,…,Two,…,Three,…,Four,…］

［…first(firstly),…,secondly,…,thirdly,…,lastly,…］

1.Tombrowniswellknowninthiscity.(First)Hehasbeenamemberofthecitycouncilformanyyears.Secondly,andfarmoreimportantly,heisafootballplayerofnationalreputation.

2.First,Iwishbothofyougoodhealth.Second,Iwishbothofyousuccessinyourwork;andthird,Iwishbothofyougoodluckineverything.

3.Whatdoweneedinordertoreallywin?Weneedthreethings:first-arms,second-arms,third-armsandarmsagain.

句型［First/Atfirst/Firstofall…,soon/afterwards…,then/later/lately…,finally/eventually/atlast…］

1.Firstthink,(and)thenspeak.2.Atfirstyoumayfindithard,butitwillsoonbecomeeasy.

3.Ithinkthisfirstdayofourvacationisgoingtobeveryenjoyableforus.Wellprobablyfirstplayagameoftennis.Afterwardswelltakeashower.Thenwelldosomesun-bathingonthebeach.Eventually,welltakeawalkintotown.

4.FirsthegoestoParis,thenhegoestoBrussels,thenhemakesuphismindtogotoParisagain,andthenfinallydecidestocomehome.

5.First,thesensesaretobesettowork;then,memory;and.,atlast,understandingandjudgment.

句型［Tobeginwith/Atthebeginning…,next/secondly/thesecondpoint…,furthermore/moreover…,finally/thefinalpoint/andtoconclude…］

1.Tobeginwith,heistooyoung;secondly,hehasnotfinishedhisstudies.

2.Theycannotagree.Tobeginwith,theyquarrel.Next,theycalleachothernames.Finally,theyfighteachotherwiththeirspears.3.Atthebeginningheshowedsomereluctance,butfinallyconsented.

4.Takingthepictureismainlyaquestionofspeed,firstinselectingthesubject,nextinfocusingthecamera,furthermore,intakingtheactualpictureandfinallyinhandingoutthecard.

[注]这种常见的呼应承接方式：1)开头用语：Tobeginwith,wemaysaythat…Iwanttobeginbysaying…

ThefirstthingIwanttosay…AtfirstIwanttosay…

2)中间承接用语：Next,begtopointoutthat…ThenextpointImustmakeis…Anotherthingis:…

Therestillanotherthing:…Iwanttomakeonemorepoint…

3)结束用语：Iwillsumupbysaying…Iwillconcludebysaying…Thefinalpointis…

ThefinalthingIwanttosayisthis…

修饰限制

句型［…thesame+名词+as/that+从句］

1.Thisisthesamebagas（相似）/that(同一)Ilostyesterday.

2.Isthisthesameasyoushowedmebefore?3.Iamofthesameopinionasyou(areoftheopinion).

4.Heisofaboutthesameageasyou(areoftheage).

5.Thisisthesame(=very)manthatImettheotherday.

6.Agoodbookmaybeamongthebestoffriends.Itisthesametodaythatitalwayswas,anditwillneverchange.

7.Thisisbutanexpressionofrevisionism,thesamerevisionismthatLeninfought.

[注]本句型中as有时可以当that用，如：Wedroveoutofthetownbythesameroadaswehadenteredby.

如果thesame表示"同一"时，后接with+名词，如：Icameinthesamebuswithhim.

Theyareinthesameclasswithus.

句型［…such…+名词+as+名词或从句］

1.Thereisnosuchplaceasyoudreamofinallthisworld.2.IlikesuchfinecityasBeijing.

3.Thiswassuchamereplatitudeasalmosttogowithoutsaying.

4.NowhereintheworldistheresuchaplaceforanidlemanasLondon.

5.ThewavesweresuchasIneversawbefore.

6."…wecantbelieveyou.Thereisnosuchcountryintheworldastheoneyouhavetoldusabout…."

[注]本句型中as不可以用that,which或who取代。如:（错）Donottalkaboutsuchthingsthat/whichyoudonotunderstand.应说：Donottalkaboutsuchthingsasyoudonotunderstand.或Donottalkaboutthosethingsthat/whichyoudonotunderstand.

句型［…one/he;those/they+who（定语从句）］

1.Helaughsbestwholaughslast.2.Hewhowouldsearchforpearlsmustdivebelow.

3.Theywhoarefullofthemselvesareveryempty.

4.Thereisnoroyalroadtoscience,andonlythosewhodonotdreadthefatiguingclimbofitssteeppathshaveachanceofgainingitsluminoussummits.

5.Thosewhounderstandthisformulaholduptheirhands.

句型［…all+who/that（定语从句）］

1.Irememberedthatallwhotookpartintheeveningdanceforjoy.

2.AllwhomIsawherewerediligentattheirwork.3.Alliswellthatendswell

4.Allthathedoes,hedoesitwell.

5.Allthatyoudo,dowithyourmight,thingsdonebyhalvesareneverdoneright.

[注]英语中有专用以指物的句式，如：Itisthatthat(多用which)Ineed.Thosethatsucceedaremostlycorrect.

句型［Aperson等+who定语从句］

1.Manwhohasasettledpurposewillsurelysucceed.

2.Donotblametheonewhospeaksbutheedwhatyouhear

3.Apersonwhomeetswithdifficultiesmayaskhiscomradesforhelp.

4.PeoplewhoareliberalslookupontheprinciplesofMarxismasabstractdogma.

5.Apersonwhodoesnotdohisdutywillnotsucceed.

6.Peoplewholiveinglasshousesshouldnotthrowstones.

[注]以上句型都含有"条件"意味，不过不能在句子前加if，不然就用条件从句来表示,如:（错）Ifapersonwhodoesnotdohisdutywillnotsucceed.应说:Ifapersondoesnotdohisduty,hewillnotsucceed.

句型［…theday/time…+when（定语从句）］

1.IshallneverforgetthedaywhenIenteredtheuniversity.

2.Thetimewillcomeafterallwhenwearevictorious.

3.Thedaywillcomewhenhistorywillspeak.

4.Hehadseenthedaywhentherewerenomotorcarsontheroads.

5.GoneforeverarethedayswhentheimperialistscoulddoastheypleasedinAsia,AfricaandLatinAmerica.

两相连接

句型［…notonly/notenough/notmerely…+also/butalso(too)/but…(aswell)…］

1.Inotonlyheardit,but(also)Isawit.=Inotonlyheardit,Isawit,too(aswell).=Inotonlyheardit,butsawitaswell.

2.Wevecomealongwaytoyourcountrynotonlytogiveperformances,but,whatsmoreimportant,topromotemutualunderstandingbetweenus.

3.Itisnotonlywhatwedo,butalsowhatwedonotdo,forwhichweareaccountable.

4.Ifyourfriendremindsyoukindlyofyourfaults,takewhathesaysnotmerelypleasantlybutthankfully.

5.Itisnecessaryforustolearnfromtheveteranworkersnotenoughtheirskillbutalsotheirnoblerevolutionaryspiritandgoodproletarianqualities.

[注1]注意本句型中连词所连接的是两个同等成分，连词的位置应摆在两个同等成分的前面。如：

（误）HenotonlyspeaksEnglish,butalsoFrench.（正）HespeaksnotonlyEnglish,butalsoFrench.

[注2]如果本句型中连词所连接的是两个主语，其谓语动词应与靠近的一个名词保持人称和数的一致。如：

Notonlythechildrenbutalsotheirfatherisinthetown.Notonlythemanbut(also)hischildrenareinthetown.

[注3]sofarfrom[不…而…]Sofarfromtheraindoinganygood,itdidagooddealofharm.

句型［…名词A+aswellas+名词B］/［…名词B+and+名词+Aaswell］

1.Heaswellasyouisverydiligent.

2.Youaswellasheareverydiligent.(cf.Notonlyyoubutalsoheisverydiligent.)

3.Thesepillsaregoodtopreventdisease,aswellastocurewhenoneissick.

4.Thechildislivelyaswellashealthy.5.TheylearnFrenchaswellasEnglish.

[注1]注意aswellas用在肯定句中与否定句中的含义不同，如：

He,aswellashissister,hasjoinedtheParty.He,aswellashissister,hasnotyetjoinedtheParty.

HehasnotyetjoinedthePartyaswellashissister.（他还没有像他姐姐那样入了党。）

[注2]如果连接的成分较多，还可以将句型166，167结合起来用，如：Thisprojectnotonlyhascomeintofullplayinirrigation,butalsoplayedanimportantpartindevelopingwaterpower,navigationandfisheryaswellasinprovidingindustrialwatersupply.

句型［…both+A(名词)+and+B(名词)…］［…atonce+A(名词)+and+B(名词)…］

1.BothmywifeandMrs.Bakerareveryfondofmusicandbothplaythepianoverywell.

2.Thebookisalike(=both)agreeableandinstructive.3.Hehasbothabilityandprinciple.

4.Dickenslanguage,atoncerich,colorfulandvaried,islikeafineandsensitivemusicalinstrument.

5.Achildisaresponsibilitybothtoitsparentsandtosociety.

句型［…neither…nor…］

1.Neitheryounorheistoblame.2.Marywasneitherhappy,norwasshesad.

3.Hownicetheweatheris！Itisneitherhotnorcold.

4.Ineitherexpressedsurpriseatthisresolutionnorattemptedtodissuadeherfromit.

[注1]如果连接两个以上的并列成分，可用以下方式：

1)"…neitherA,ＢnorC…"如：Theysparenothing,neithertheirlabor,theirwealthnoreventheirlives.

2)"…neitherA,BnorC,norD…"如：NeitheryounorInoranybodyelsehasseenit.

[注2]诗歌中的"nor…nor…"="neither…nor…"如：Norheavennorearthhavebeenatpeacetonight.

句型174［…either…or…］

1.Pleaseeithercomeinorgoout,dontstandthereinthedoorway.

2.EitherIwillfindaway,orIwillmakeone.3.Itsnottobeforgottenorforgiveneither.

4.Infact,thepoorpeopleinEnglandaregiventhealternative,eithertodieofhungerquicklyoutsidetheworkhouse,ortodieofhungerslowlyinsideit.

[注]本句型可用于否定句,但句型166，168不用于否定句,如:(误)Henotonlydoesntfearhardships,butalsonotfeardeath.(不用于否定句)(误)Hedoesntfearbothhardshipanddeath.(误)Hefearsnotneitherhardship,nordeath.(正)Hefearsneitherhardshipnordeath.Hedoesntfeareitherhardshipordeath.

一般祈使句

句型［（呼语），（Dont）动词原形+（宾语）+其他］

1.Study,studyandoncemorestudy.2.Workingmenofallcountries,unite!

3.LearnfromcomradeLeiFeng.4.Dontforgetit.5.Comehere.

6.Stopcryingandwipeawayyourtears.

句型［（Dont）Be+表语+（其他）］

1.Beredandexpert.2.Bebrave,dontbeafraid.3.Dontbeshy!

4.Becareful,whencrossthestreet.5.Beanhonestperson,speakandacthonestly.

3.Dontbeafraid,speakout.

句型［Get+过去分词/副词虚助词+（其他）］

1.Getorganized!2.Getdonewithit.3.Getaway!4.Getalongwithyou.

5.Getoutofhere.6.Getback.

[附注]祈使句一般不用主语，如系多数人而须指示任务时可以有主语，这个主语相当于呼语。如：

1.Youtalk;wehaveheardenoughfromtheothers.

2.Everybodyshuttheireyes.

3.Yousweepthefloor,XiaoWang;youcleanthedesks,XiaoLi,andothersfetchwater.

其次，大人对孩子说话，或含有急躁、厌烦等情绪，也可加主语you

1.Nowyoulistentome.2.Youmustnottalksoloud!

3.Nowyougetabitofpaperandwritedown.4.Yourmindyourownbusiness!

第三，当句中的副词虚助词在句首时，须用主语，如：Inyougo!(=Goin,please.)

强语势祈使句

句型62［（肯定句）Do+动词原形+（其他）］/［(否定句)Never+动词原形+（其他）］

1.Dotellme!2.Dobecareful!3.Docome!4.Dostaywithus!5.Nevertellalie.

6.Neverstandrightinthemiddleofyourwork.

7.Neverputofftilltomorrowwhatyoucandotoday.

句型［No/Noneof+名词！］

1.Nofalsehood!Ourstrengthliesinstatingthetruth.

2.TheKingsaid:"hehasstudiedtoomuch,Nobooksandnoteachersanymore!...

3.Noneofyourlittlegames!4.Noneofyournonsense!5.Noneofyourimpudence

[注1]no是泛指，none所指有一定的范围

[注2]旧时有用forGodssake或forgoodnesssake等来加强语气的。ForGodssakedontfirethatgun!

委婉祈使句

句型［Please+动词原形+（其他）］

1.Pleasepassmethedictionary.2.Lendmeyourknife,please.

3.Dontstandpleaseonceremony.4.Movealong,please.5.Pleasehelpyourself!

[注]文学作品中please可用pray替代，如：1.Praygohome.2.Pray,goonwithyournextstory.

句型［Willyou/Wontyou/Wouldyou+动词原形+（其他）］

1.Willyoucomehere?(=Pleasecomehere.)2.Willyoudothebeds,whileIdothewindows?

3.Helpmewiththisluggage,willyou?4.Wontyoustayalittlelonger?

5.Wontyouhavesomemore?6."Wouldyoudomeafavor?"-"Why,ofcourse."

7.Wouldyoulikeanotherdrink?8.Wouldyoukindlyshowmetheway?

[注]疑问句的祈使句还有could,can,may,might,如：Couldyoulendmefiveshillingsuntiltomorrow?

Might(May)Iborrowyourpen(for)amoment?

句型［Wouldyoumind(not)+动名词+（其他）］/［Doyoumind(not)+动名词+（其他）］

1."Would(或Do)youmindlendingmeyourdictionary?"-"Certainlynot."

2.Wouldyoumindbeinghereatnineoclock?

3."Doyoumindmyopeningthewindow?"-"Oh,no,please."

4.Doyoumindnotsmokinginthedining-room,please?

句型［Whatabout+动名词+（其他）］/［Howabout+动名词+（其他）］

1.Whataboutstartingworktomorrow?2.Whataboutgoingoutforawalk?

3.Howabouttryingtodoitmyway?

句型［Be+sogood/kindas+不定式+（其他）］/［Be+good/kindenough+不定式+（其他）］

1.Besogoodastocomeandjoinusat5oclock.

2.Besokindas(=kindenough)toshutthedoor.

3.Begoodenoughtoletmeknowwhenyouwillreturnfromyourholiday.

4.BekindenoughtocomeandhelpmetostudyEnglish.

[注1]句型60,61可与本句型结合使用，如：1.Willyoubebackearlythisevening,please?2.Willyoubekindenough/sokindastoclosethedoor?3.Wouldyoubesogoodastoposttheletterforme?

[注2]有时可以在这些句型前加上just,使语气更缓和，如：Justlistentoher,please!Justshutthedoor,willyou?

建议祈使句

句型［Letus/Lets或Let+第三人称宾语+动词原形+其他］

1.Letusknowthetimeofyourarrival.2.Oh,doletusbefriends.

3."Letsgo."-"yes,letsgo."4.Letsstartearly,shallwe?

5."Shallhecomein?"-"lethimwait!"6.Lethimhavehissay.

7."NatureandNatureslawslayhidinnight,godsaidLetNewtonbeandallwaslight.

[注]let可用于句型55，如：Letmesee."Letmealone.""Pleaseletmeintothehouse."

句型［Let+宾语+not}+动词原形+其他］［Dontlet+宾语+动词原形+其他］

1.Letusnotgo.2.Letsnotwasteouttimearguingaboutit.3.Letsnotdiscussitinclass.

4.Dontletthefireout.5.Dontletthechildrencomeneartheedge.

6.Pray(please)dontletusbesplittinghairs…,ortherellneverbeanendofthecause.

[注1]古英语中可采用"Letnot+宾语…"的形式，如：1.Letnotsuccesselateyou.(=youshouldnotbeelatedbysuccess.)2.Letnotfailuredejectyou

[注2]以上三种否定式不可用于间接引语中，如：（误）Tellhimdontletthefireout.

（误）Tellhimletthefirenotout.（误）Tellhimletnotthefireout.（正）Tellhimnottoletthefireout.

句型［Suppose/Supposing+主语+谓语（动词原形、过去时）+其他］

1.Supposeyouringmeup.2.Supposingwegoforaswim.

3.Suppose(Supposing)wetrytodoitmyway.4.Supposingwelooked(look)himuptoday.

句型［主语+hadbetter+动词原形+其他］

1.Wedbetterstartearly.(=Itwouldbebetterforustostartearly.)

2.Youdbetterdoasthedoctorsaysandstayinbed.

3.Youhadbettergotothefieldsandhavealook.4.Hadntyoubettertakeanumbrella?

[注]相当于本句型的还有以下二式：1."…wouldbewell+不定式…"Itwouldbewelltostartearly.

2."…mayaswell+原形动词…"Wemayaswellgo.

[附注]建议祈使句还可以用以下动词来表达

1）allow,如：Allowme,Sir,tointroduceyoutomyfellow-travelers.

Prayallowmetodetainyouforamoment..

2)permit,多用于正式场合，如：Permitmetoexplainfurther.

Pleasepermitme,onbehalfofourschool,toextendmyheartfeltgreetingstoyou.

其次，也可用陈述句来表达这种概念。如：Youhavetoknockbeforeyouentermyroom.

1.Youarenottocomeintomyroomwithoutknocking.

2.Yououghttoshowhonortoyourteachers.3.WeshouldbethemastersofScience.

4.Youaretowriteyournameatthetopofeachsheetofpaper.

祝愿句

句型［Longlive+第三人称主语］

1.Longliveoursocialistmotherland.

2.Longlivethegreat,gloriousandcorrectCommunistPartyofChina.

句型［May+第二、三人称主语+动词原形+其他］

1.Mayyoureturnsoon!2.Mayheneverrepentthisact!

3.Mayyousucceedinbuildingupastrongandprosperouscountry!

4.Mayourtwopeoplesachieveevengreatersuccessesinoursocialistconstruction!

[注]句型69，70可结合使用。如：Longmayshelivetoenjoyhergoodfortune!

有时可用might代替may,如：Rathermighttheyliveinfriendshipforthefuture!

句型［（祝愿内容）名词+to+名词或代词（被祝愿对象）］

1.Eternalglorytothepeoplesheroes!2.Solutetoyou!3.Successtoyou!

4.Alonglifetoyou!5.Atoasttoourfriendship!6.Ahappyjourneytoyou!7.Goodlucktoyou!

句型［Ifonly/But+主语+虚拟式谓语+其他］

1.IfonlyMarxwerestillbymysidetoseethiswithhisowneyes!

2.IfonlyIhadknownthenwhatIknewlongafterwards!

3.Ah,ifonlyithadlifeandmovement!4.IfIcouldonlygetsomethingtodo.

句型［Oh/O/Ah）名词+that+主语+虚拟式谓语+其他］［Oh/O/Ah）名词+tobe+表语+其他］

［Oh/O/Ah）名词+虚拟式谓语+主语+其他］

1.Oh!Thatshecouldcomebacktolifeagain!2.Othathewerealiveandcouldseethefruitsofhislabor.

3.Ah,thatIhadbutknown!4.OthatIhadlistenedtohim!5.Oh,tobeinEnglandnowthatAprilsthere!6.Otobeaboyagain!7.Owereheonlyhere!8.OhadIwings!

句型［Be+主语+表语+其他］/［表语+Be+主语+其他］

1.Behisbannerunconquered,resistlesshisspear.

2.Beoursahappymeeting!3.Lightbeherheartandgayhermerryeyes!

4.Sobeit!(=Somayitbe!=Beitso!)

5."GoodfriendforJesussake,forbear

Todigthedustenclosedhere,

Blessedbehethatsparesthesestones

Andcurstbehethatmovesmybones."(EpitaphwrittenbyShakespeare)

句型［Would(that)+主语+虚拟式谓语+其他］

1.Would(that)itwereotherwise!2.Wouldthattheyweresafehomeagain!

3.Wouldyouwerewithus!(=Iwishyouwerewithus!)4.WouldIwereascientist!

5.Would(that)Iwereyoungagain.6.WouldIwereasstrongasyou.

[注]口语中还有各种表示祝愿的说法，如：Goodmorning!AHappyNewYear!AHappyHoliday!Happyjourney!Manyhappyreturns(oftheday)!Goodluckineverything!Mybestwishestoyou!

揭示句

句型[No+动名词或名词！］/[(修饰语)+名词]

1.NoSmoking!2.NoParkingHere!3.NoScribbling(onthewall)!4.NoPassage!

2.NoAdmittance!6.NoAdmittanceexceptonbusiness.7.NoSpitting!8.NoTalking!

9.NoThoroughfare.10.NoBill(或PostNoBill).11.NottoBeTakenAway!

12.Order!13.Interval-10Min.14.TheEnd.15.NightBell.16.Holiday.

17.Poison!18.Danger!19.HighTension!20.Attention!(或Lookout!)

[注]这种句型还可以用副词，形容词，分词，动词，词组或句子来表达，如：Slow;KeepRight;

Handsoff;WetPaint;BewareofFire;Upstairs;Downstairs;Push;Pull;ChildrennotAllowed;Engaged;Full,AllFull;Timesover;Entrance;Exit;Wayout等。

口号口令式祈使句

句型［副词虚助词+with+名词（或代词）］

1.Downwiththeslavementality!Burydogmatism!

2.Awaywithsuperstitionandemancipatethemind.

3.Downwiththelandlords!4.Upwiththepoor!5.Upwithit!6.Inwithyou!7.Outwithit!

8.Offwithyourhat.9.Offwiththeirheads!10.Onwithyourshoes!

句型［名词+副词虚助词！］［副词或比较级副词！］

1.Handsup!2.Handsoff!3.Skatesoff!4.Forwardtonewvictories!5.Louder!6.Higher!

7."Forward,men,forward"criesPakenham.8."Away!-away!"criedshewildly.

16.hadbetterdosth.最好干某事.

否定:hadbetternotdosth.

特别注意:hadbetter后面跟be动词词组,不可漏掉be.

eg.You’dbettercatchatrain.

You’dbetternottalkinclass.

You’dbetternotbelatefortheclass.

17.Itisgood(nice)of+宾格+todosth.

eg.ItisverygoodofyoutoteachmeEnglish.(你教我英语真是太好了)

18.Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.(干某事化费某人多少时间)

=sb.spendsometimeonsth.(in)doingsth.

eg.Ittookmehalfanhourtodothework.=Ispenthalfanhourindoingthework.

19.sb.pay钱for物某物化费了某人多少钱=sb.spend钱on物=物costsb.钱

pay的过去式为paid而不是payed.

eg.Ipaidthirtyyuanforthecoat.

=Ispentthirtyyuanonthecoat.

=Thecoatcostmethirtyyuan.

20.havebeento某人曾去过某地,现在人不在那儿

sb.havebeenin+地点某人呆在某地(一段时间)

havegoneto某人已去某地,人不在这儿

21.⑴too…形容词(副词)+to…"太…而不能""太…以致于不"

eg.①Thebasketistooheavyformetocarry.这篮子太重我拿不动。

②ThiscolourTVistooexpensiveforustobuy.这台彩电对我们来说太贵了，买不起。

⑵so...that如此...以致于...

上面的too...to结构的句子，可以换成so...that引导的句子转换。

①ThebasketissoheavythatIcan’tcarryit.

②ThiscolourTVissoexpensivethatwecan’taffordit.

22.What’sthepopulationof...?...人口有多少？

不说Howmuchpopulationin...?形容人口数量的大用large

eg.ThepopulationofChinaistentimesaslargeasthatoftheUSA

23.I’vecometoreturnyourpan.(我跑来是还你锅的)→Whyhaveyoucome?而不用What

24.not...until(连词)方才，才

eg.Hesaysthathewon’tbefreeuntiltomorrow.他说他需到明天方才有空。

肯定句＋until到

eg.You’dbetterwaituntiltomorrow.(你最好等到明天)

25.neither...nor...既不...也不...

either...or...或者...或者...

eg.NeitherTomnorhisbrothersknowhowtospelltheword"hundred".

Eitheryouorsheisright.(谓语动词就近原则)

both...and...两者都...

eg.BothJimandIareinGradeOne(主语看作复数)

一般判断句

句型［主语+系词be+表语］

1.Knowledgeispower.2.Whatsmineisyours,andwhatisyoursismine.

3."Whoareyou?"-"ItisI."4."WhoisI?"-"Pinocchio."

5.Heisagoodeaterandagoodsleeper.6.Sheisquitethebestdancer,Iknow.

7.Bensagoodrunner;fewseamenrunbetterthanBen.

8."Whatkindofsailorareyou?"-"Imnotmuchofasailor.

9.IknewIdontexpressmyselfproperly:Imabadhandatsentimentality.

10.Ourconferencehasbeenhighlysuccessful.

11.Thesuccessfulconvocationofthenationalscienceconferenceisamatterofgreatjoyforus.

[注1]除了报刊标题和一些谚语格言省略系词外，一般情况下系词是不可随便省略的。汉语说"东方红"，英语一定要用系词，说成"Theeastisred.""他很和气。"英语要说，"Heisverykind."，"你的表不对。"英语不能说"Yourwatchisnotcorrect.",只能说"Itsnotrighttimebyyourwatch."/"Yourwatchdoesnotkeepgoodtime."他是人民的死敌。"英语说"Heisthedeadlyenemyofthepeople."

[注2]英语中有些形容词只作表语用。常见的有：alive,alike,asleep,aware,fond,glad,faint,ill,wellunwell,afraid等等。另一方面要注意，有些形容词不能作表语，只能作定语用。主要有以下几种情况：

1）固定性词组中的形容词。可说"Heismyoldfriend."，不可说"Myfriendisold(或new)."可说"Heisacompletefool."，不可说，"Thefooliscomplete."

2）作强调语的形容词。可说"Itistheveryman."，不可说"Themanisvery."可说"Thisistheonlyoccasion."，不可说"Theoccasionistheonly."

3）起命名作用的关系形容词。可说"Heisanatomicspecialist."，不可说"Thespecialistisatomic."可说"Thisisawoolendress."，不可说"Thedressiswoolen."

句型［主语+mean+宾语或状语］

1.Sciencemeanshonest,solidknowledge.2.Difficultiesandhardshipsmeantnothingtothem.

3.Environmentmeansmuchtoachild.4.Yourfriendshipmeansagreatdealtome.

[注]除be,mean系词外还有become,make,grow,remain,feel,sound,smell,taste,prove,look,get,go,come,keep等。Hehasbecomeacommunist.Shewillmakeaverygoodathlete.NurturedbytheParty,hehasgrownintoagoodcadre

句型［主语+call/name+宾语+宾语补足语］［主语+be+called/named+主语补足语］

1.AnEnglishmancallshimselfyoungatfifty.2.Hecalledhismother"oldgirl",too.

3.WeallcallhimIronOx.4.WenamedhimJohn.5.HeiscalledbythenameofPaul.

6.Thisplaceisrightlycalledanearthlyparadise.7.Hewasnamedafterhisuncle.

句型［主语+regard等+宾语+as+宾语补足语］

1.Iregardhimasanobleman.2.Weregardeditasanhonor.

3.Donttreatcomradesasenemies.4.Welookonourjobasanhonor.

5.Welookuponouryouthasthefutureofourmotherland.

6.Heishonoredasamodelworker.7.Peoplerespectedhimasagreatpoet.

8.Thisroomservesastheoffice.9.TheydisguisedthemselvesasMarxists.

强调判断

句型［主语+be+nootherthan/nonebut+表语（强调内容）］

1.Thisisnootherthanmyoldfriend,John.

2.ThetallfigurethatIsawno/noneotherthanourcommander.

3.ThemanstandingbeforehimwasnoneotherthanthePartybranchsecretary.

4.OurPartysPolicyofcadresistoappointnonebutpeopleontheirmerit.

[注]类似的说法还有nobodyelse,"Isthatyou,Bumble?"-"Nobodyelse."AnsweredMr.Bumble.

句型［主语+be+nothing+(else)but/elsethan/lessthan+表语］

1.Geniusisnothingbutlaboranddiligence.2.Hitlerwasnothingbutapapertiger.

3.Thesituationisnothingelsebut(than)fine.4.Thatsnothinglessthanamiracle.

5.Whathetoldyouwasnothingelsethannonsense.

6.Hisfailurewasduetonothingelsethanhisowncarelessness.

7.Whatweexpectedisnothinglessthanatechnicalrevolution.

[注]相当于本句型的否定说法是"…beanythingbut…",译作"决不是"，如：

Heisanythingbutacoward.(=Heisnotacowardatall.)

句型［Itis/was+强调部分+that/who+从句］

1.Itispoliticalconsciousnessthatgivesvigortohiswritings.

2.Itwasowingtothevictoryoftherevolutionarywarof1776ledbyWashingtonthattheAmericanpeoplewonindependence.3.Itwasafterliberationthatweledahappylife.

4.ItwasinBeijingthatImethimforthefirsttime.

[注]除了以上句型表示强调外，还可以用以下方式来表达：

1）用very,only,certainly,ofcourse，tobesure等词语加强语气，如：

ThatstheverythingIneed.Thereportiscertainlyfalse.Heis,nodoubt,agoodpupil.

2)用"fromfirsttolast","outandout"(多用于反面)，"throughandthrough"(多用于正面)等成语加强语气，如：Itisadelusionfromfirsttolast…Heisatraitoroutandout.Heisarevolutionarythroughandthrough.

3)用准系词remain,continue等，如：Goldremainsgoldinthefurnaceofhistoryanddrossremainsdross.

4)有时用"…beneithermorenorlessthan…",(不多不少，十足)如：Itisneithermorenorlessthanalie.

弱势判断句

句型［主语+seem等感觉动词+表语］

1.Mycompanionlookedashamed."Well,"hesaid,"youwereright…"

2.Thesituationseemedquiteencouraging.3.Yoursentencedoesntsoundright.

4.Sheappearedquitetouchedatthewords.5.Ittastessweet.

6.Thecountryseemedtobegoingtothedogs.WarwiththeSouthorsecessionwasvaguelylookinginthedistance.

句型［主句+asif/asthough+从句（主语+虚拟式谓语）］

1.Youspokeasifyouhadbeenherebefore.2.IfeelasifIweretenyearsyounger.

3.Italmostseemedasifthegoodmanweretryingtoteachusallheknewatthislastlesson.

4.…hisexposedthroatlookedasifahalterwouldhavedoneitgood.

[注]在asif后面可以直接跟不定式，这是一种间缩的用法，如：Heopenedhislipsasiftosaysomething.

其次，在asif后面的谓语动词也有人用现在时的，如：Itlooksasifoursideis(或were)goingtowin.

句型［主语+may(+not)+be+表语+虚拟式谓语）］［Perhaps等副词+主语+谓语+其他］

1.Itmay(not)betrue.2."Thisfellow"hethought,"maynotbeascamp…"

3.Whatmonthisthis?-MaybeitsJuly.4.Perhapsyouareright.

5.Perhapssheisill.6.Itwillprobablybefinetomorrow.7.Possiblyitistrue.

句型［主语+be+itissaid,/asitwere,等+表语］

1.sheis,itissaid(或theysay),thebestpupilintheclass.

2.Peopleinthatvillage,itissaid(或theysay),areallkind-hearted.

3.Heisnotequaltothetask,asitwere.4.Heis,asitwere,awalkingdictionary.

5.Withtheilliterateaudience,hefelthimselfasitwerecastingpearlsbeforeswine.

6.Itisntaverygoodsuggestion,tosaytheleastofit.

[注]有两个词组容易与asitwere混淆，就是asitis,asitwas。这两个词组必须用在和它们的时态一致的句中。意思是"照现在的样子"，"照当时的样子"，但都引申译为"事实上"，如：Itisimpossibletocarryouttheplanasitis.

句型［主语+be+saidtobe/so-called/,whatiscalled,+表语］

1.HeissaidtobeanexcellentChinesescholar.2.Thisissaidtobethefinestparkinshanghai.

3.Thatisso-calledcivilizedworld.Thatisso-callednaturalism.

4.Heiswhatiscalled,apoet.Heis,whatiscalled,alivingdictionary.

注释判断句

句型［被说明的部分，+thatis(i.e.),/thatistosay,/namely(viz),/inotherwords+说明部分］

1.Mr.Greencametoseemenotlongago,thatis,onlylastweek.

2.We-thatistosay,JohnandI-intendtoresign.

3.Rulesofgrammarcannotbeprofitablystudiedintheabstract-thatistosay,withoutexamples.

4.Heisanoutstandingspecialist,thatistosay,heisbothredandexpert.

5.Wehavefivesenses,namely,sight,hearing,smell,taste,andtouch.

6.Amanshouldneverbeshamedtoownhehasbeeninthewrong,whichisbutsaying,inotherwords,thatheiswisertodaythanhewasyesterday.

7.IdonotknowMr.Flynn,i.e.,donotknowhimwellenoughtosayifheisabsolutelyreliable.

句型［被说明的部分，+tobemoreexact,/ormorecorrectly,/orrather+说明部分］

1.Threeweekstomorrow,tobemoreexact(ormorecorrectly),the10thofMayismybirthday.

2.Thisisapillar,ormorecorrectly,acolumn.3.Itisahutor,tobemoreexact,acowshed.

4.Histheory,orrather,hypothesis,wasnotunobjectionable.

5.Wegothomelatelastnight,orrather,earlythismorning.

正反判断句

句型［主语+be+not+表语A,+but+表语B］/［主语+be+表语B+and(或but)not+表语A］

1.Iamveryill,notbodily,butmentally.

2.WhatIadmireinColumbusisnothishavingdiscoveredaworld,buthishavinggonetosearchforitonthefaithofanopinion.

3.Thetragedyisnotinnotknowing,butinnotknowingthatyoudontknow.

4.TheMarxist-Leninisttheoryisnotadogma,butaguidetoaction.

5.Heisanordinaryworker,andnotacadre.

6.Itisyours,andnotmine.(=itisnotmine,butyours.)

句型［(Itis)not…that(who)…,but…that(who)…］

1.(Itis)NotthatIdislikethework,butthatIhavenotime.

2.Notthatweareafraidofdifficulties,butthattheyareafraidofus.

3.Itisnotheroesthatmakehistory,buthistorythatmakesheroes,andthat,consequently,itisnotheroeswhocreatepeople,butthepeoplewhocreateheroesandmovehistoryonward.

句型［Sofarfrombeing+表语，主语+谓语+其他］

1.Sofarfrombeingahelp,hewashindrance.2.Sofarfrombeingtrue,thenewsisfalse.

3.Sofarfrombeingashamedofit,hegloriesinit.

[注]在一般陈述句中仅用farfrom也可以表示一正一反的意义,如:Farfrompraisinghim,Imustpositivelyblamehim.

句型［主语+seem等感觉动词+表语，+but+inreality/infact/inessence+…］

1.Thatsoundsallright,butinrealityitisnot.

2.Thismayseemabadthing,butinrealityitisagoodthing

3.Helooksignorant,butinfactheisveryclever.

4.Thetwothingsthoughsimilarinformaredifferentinessence.

5.Heappearstobewell,butreallyheisratherill.

6.HethinkshimselfaswiseasSolomon,butinrealityheisacompletefool.

[注]insteadof可以用来表示正反判断，如：Wemustworkhardinsteadofspendingourtimeidly.

比较判断句

句型［主语+be+less表语A+than+表语B］/［主语+be+more表语B+than+表语A］

1.Experienceshowsthatsuccessisduelesstoabilitythantozeal.Thewinnerishewhogiveshimselftohiswork,bodyandsoul.

2.Itisevenmoreapicturethanapoem.3.Heismoreshythan(heis)unsocial.

4.Ariverthatcarriessomuchsiltpercubicmeter(590kilograms-overhalfaton)ismorelikeliquidlandthanwater

[注1]more后面如果跟形容词，形容词要用原级，如：（正）Hewasmoreangrythanfrightened.

(误)Hewasmoreangrierthanfrightened.(误)Hewasangrierthanfrightened.

[注2]成语"moredeadthanalive"(劳累已极、累得要死)是一种夸张的说法，原意是"与其说还活着，不如说是死了。"如："Oliver,moredeadthanalive,couldanswerYes.

句型［主语+be+表语B+ratherthan+表语A］

1.Heisanordinaryworkerratherthanacadre.2.Heisratherdiligentthanclever.

3.Thepatientwasworseratherthanbetter.4.Heisanartistratherthanaphilosopher.

句型［主语+be+notsomuch+表语A+as+表语B］

1.Heisnotsomuchascholarasawriter.(notsomuch…as=less…than)

2.Itisnotsomuchthebeingexemptfromfaults,ashavingovercomethem,thatisanadvantagetous.

3.Itisnotsomuchadviceasapprovalthatheseeks.

[注]该句型也常用于行为动词作谓语的句子中。如：Amansworthliesnotsomuchinwhathehasasinwhatheis.

Theoceansdonotsomuchdividetheworldasuniteit.

互斥判断句

句型主语+be+(either)表语A+or+表语B］/［(Either)主语A+or+主语B+be+表语］

1.Heoryouaremistaken.Youorheismistaken.

2.Heisattheofficeorattheworkshop.3.Eitheryourbrakesoryoureyesightisatfault.

4.Itiswrongtoregardourworkeitherastotallygoodorascompletelybad.

5.EitherheisrightorIam.(=EitherheorIamright.)

[注]该句型可以采用简易方式："Ifitisnot…itis…"如：ifitisnottakingthesocialistroad,itistakingthecapitalistroad.