圆的轴对称性

圆是轴对称图形，任何一条所在的直线都是圆的对称轴.

垂径定理

垂直于弦的直径弦，并且弦所对的两条弧.

$\left.\begin{array} {l} {\text {①} C D \text {是直径}} \\ {② C D \perp A B} \end{array} \right\} \Rightarrow$$\left\{\begin{array} {l} {\text {③} A M = B M} \\ {\text {④} \tilde {A C} = \tilde {B C}} \\ {\text {⑤} \tilde {A D} = \tilde {B D}} \end{array} \right.$

垂径定理的推论

平分弦（不是）的直径垂直于弦，并且平分弦所对的两条弧.

$\left.\begin{array} {l} {\text {①} C D \text {是直径}} \\ {② A M = B M} \\ {( A B \text {不是直径} )} \end{array} \right\} \Rightarrow$$\left\{\begin{array} {l} {\text {③} C D \perp A B} \\ {\text {④} \tilde {A C} = \tilde {B C}} \\ {\text {⑤} \tilde {A D} = \tilde {B D}} \end{array} \right.$

由垂径定理以及推论可知：如果一条直线具备①经过圆心（直径）；②垂直于弦；③平分弦；④平分弦所对的优弧；⑤平分弦所对的劣弧中任意两条性质，就具备其他三条性质，简称“知二推三”.