英语知识点之语态转换时应注意的问题
1)把主动语态变为被动语态时,其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致,其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。
Wehaveboughtanewcomputer.
→Anewcomputerhasbeenbought.(正确)
→Anewcomputerhavebeenbought.(错误)
2)含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时,可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语,另一个不动,一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。
Myunclegavemeapresentonmybirthday.
→Iwasgivenapresentonmybirthday.
如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语,则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词,如上句还可以说
→Apresentwasgiventomeyesterday.
3)由动词+介词或副词构成的短语动词,要把它们作为整体看,即把它们看成一个及物动词,介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。
Thepatientisbeingoperatedon.
Theproblemissolved.Itneedn'tbetalkedabout.
Hisrequestwasturneddown.
Thesportsmeetwillbeputoffbecauseofthebadweather
4)带复合宾语(宾语+宾补)的动词改为被动语态时,一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语,而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。
Wealwayskeeptheclassroomclean.
→Theclassroomisalwayskeptclean.
Shetoldustofollowherinstructions.
→Weweretoldtofollowherinstructions.
注意:在see,watch,hear,notice,listento,lookat,make,feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to,但改成被动语态后必须还原to。
Weoftenhearhimplaytheguitar.
→Heisoftenheardtoplaytheguitar.
5)当主动句的主语是nobody,noone等含有否定意义的不定代词时,被动句中将其变为anybody,作by的宾语,并将谓语动词变为否定的被动语态。
Nobodycananswerthisquestion.
误:Thequestioncanbeansweredbynobody.
正:Thequestioncannotbeansweredbyanybody.
6)当否定句中的宾语是anything,anybody,anyone等不定代词时,在被动句中应将其分别变为nothing,nobody,noone作主语,并将谓语动词变为肯定的被动语态。
Theyhaven'tdoneanythingtomaketheriverclean.
误:Anythinghasn'tbeendonetomaketheriverclean.
正:Nothinghasbeendonetomaketheriverclean.
7)以who为主语开头的疑问句,变被动时,用bywhom放在句首。
Whowrotethestory?
误:Whowasthestorywritten?
正:Bywhomwasthestorywritten?
8)有些动词既是及物又是不及物,当它们和well,badly,easily等副词连用时,表示主语内在品质或性能,是不及物动词,用主动表示被动,这时不用被动语态,常见的有:write,read,clean,sell,wash,cook等。
Theclothwasheseasily.这布很好洗。
Thenewproductsellswell.这新产品很畅销。
Thebookssellwell.这些书销量很好。
9)下列情况主动句不能改为被动句。
①感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义,如:feel,look,seem,taste,sound。
—Doyoulikethematerial?
—Yes,itfeelsverysoft.
②不及物动词没有被动语态,如:rise,happen,succeed,remain,lie等。
Whenwegottothetopofthemountain,thesunhadalreadyrisen.
Aftertheearthquake,fewhousesremained.
③宾语是反身代词,相互代词,同源宾语,不定式,v-ing形式及抽象名词等,不能变为被动句子的主语。
ItaughtmyselfEnglish.
误:MyselfwastaughtEnglish.
Weloveeachother.
误:Eachotherisloved.
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